"Numerous Earth systems that sustain human societies are sensitive to climate and will be impacted by changes in climate (very high confidence). Impacts can be expected in ocean circulation; sea level; the water cycle; carbon and nutrient cycles; air quality; the productivity and structure of natural ecosystems; the productivity of agricultural, grazing, and timber lands; and the geographic distribution, behavior, abundance, and survival of plant and animal species, including vectors and hosts of human disease. Changes in these systems in response to climate change, as well as direct effects of climate change on humans, would affect human welfare, positively and negatively. Human welfare would be impacted through changes in supplies of and demands for water, food, energy, and other tangible goods that are derived from these systems; changes in opportunities for nonconsumptive uses of the environment for recreation and tourism; changes in non-use values of the environment such as cultural and preservation values; changes in incomes; changes in loss of property and lives from extreme climate phenomena; and changes in human health. Climate change impacts will affect the prospects for sustainable development in different parts of the world and may further widen existing inequalities. Impacts will vary in distribution across people, places, and times (very high confidence), raising important questions about equity." (IPCC, 2001, p. 238)
IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change], 2001. Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report. A Contribution of working on Climate Change, eds R.T. Watson and the Core Writing Team. Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge University Press.
IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change], 2001. Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report. A Contribution of working on Climate Change, eds R.T. Watson and the Core Writing Team. Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge University Press.
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